{"id":90306,"date":"2021-03-25T09:28:04","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T08:28:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/\/?p=90306"},"modified":"2022-12-13T12:47:50","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T11:47:50","slug":"zaklady-elektriny-nejen-pro-karavanisty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/cs\/zaklady-elektriny-nejen-pro-karavanisty\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1klady elekt\u0159iny (nejen) pro karavanisty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku bychom si m\u011bli vysv\u011btlit n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy a veli\u010diny, se kter\u00fdmi se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich mil\u00e1\u010dk\u016f nebo p\u0159i bou\u0159liv\u00fdch ve\u010dern\u00edch debat\u00e1ch u skleni\u010dky, kdy se vzru\u0161enou debatou propl\u00e9taj\u00ed watp\u00edky a amp\u00e9ry s hodnotami p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fdmi mno\u017estv\u00ed spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9ho alkoholu. R\u00e1d bych p\u0159isp\u011bl k tomu, aby se i ne profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali orientovat z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem v t\u00e9hle problematice a t\u0159eba i l\u00e9pe pochopit, co kter\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do karavanu ve skute\u010dnosti nab\u00edz\u00ed. V s\u00e9rii \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f o elekt\u0159in\u011b v karavanu budu ur\u010dit\u011b r\u00e1d pokra\u010dovat, berte tento \u010dl\u00e1nek tedy jako nudn\u00fd <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00favod<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Watty, Amp\u00e9ry a Volty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/dead-battery-1623377_640-300x235.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90758\" srcset=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/dead-battery-1623377_640-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/dead-battery-1623377_640-150x117.png 150w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/dead-battery-1623377_640.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pojmy a nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed omyly. Elektrick\u00fd proud si lze opravdu p\u0159edstavit, jako proud vody, kter\u00fd v\u017edy te\u010de jen z kopce (od plus k m\u00ednus) korytem (kovov\u00fd vodi\u010d) ohrani\u010den\u00fdm b\u0159ehy koryta (izolace kabelu). Jako ka\u017ed\u00fd proud vody m\u00e1 svoji energii, &#8222;s\u00edlu&#8220;, kterou ur\u010duje sp\u00e1d \u0159eky (jak rychle voda te\u010de) a objem vody (pot\u016f\u010dek versus veletok). S elekt\u0159inou to m\u00e1me \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> (ud\u00e1van\u00e9 ve <strong>voltech<\/strong>, <strong>V<\/strong>) je n\u011bco jako sp\u00e1d \u0159eky, \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce chce elekt\u0159ina proudit a t\u00edm snadn\u011bji p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. V obytn\u00fdch vozech a karavanech se typicky setk\u00e1me s nap\u011bt\u00edm 12 V (stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9), tedy nap\u011bt\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm jak v elektrick\u00fdch rozvodech vozidla, tak obytn\u00e9 n\u00e1stavby a d\u00e1le s nap\u011bt\u00edm 230 V (typick\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1suvka, 230 V vyrob\u00ed v karavanu m\u011bni\u010d nap\u011bt\u00ed napojen\u00fd na 12 V baterii nebo ho p\u0159ivede kabel p\u0159ipojen\u00fd k elektrick\u00e9 z\u00e1suvce z venku).  <\/li><li><strong>Proud<\/strong> (ud\u00e1van\u00fd v <strong>amp\u00e9rech<\/strong>, <strong>A<\/strong>) je opravdu proud \u0159eky, n\u011bco jako objem elekt\u0159iny (elektron\u016f), kter\u00e1 opravdu v dan\u00fd okam\u017eik prot\u00e9k\u00e1 vodi\u010dem. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ani proud, ani nap\u011bt\u00ed sami o sob\u011b nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, jak velk\u00fd v\u00fdkon (&#8222;s\u00edlu&#8220;, &#8222;energii&#8220;) elekt\u0159ina m\u00e1, stejn\u011b jako \u00fadaj o rychlosti toku vody bez \u00fadaje o jej\u00edm objemu (a naopak) n\u00e1m nedok\u00e1\u017ee \u0159\u00edci, jestli rozto\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1hon ve ml\u00fdn\u011b. Proto pot\u0159ebujeme \u00fadaj o <strong>v\u00fdkonu<\/strong> (ud\u00e1van\u00fd ve wattech, <strong>W<\/strong>). \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce elekt\u0159iny s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm &#8222;sp\u00e1dem&#8220;, t\u00edm v\u00edce energie, jako u vody. Tak\u017ee logicky <strong>v\u00fdkon (W) = nap\u011bt\u00ed (V) * proud<\/strong> <strong>(A)<\/strong>. <strong>Tuhle rovnici si zapamatujte, budete j\u00ed pot\u0159ebovat po\u0159\u00e1d i kdy\u017e elektroinstalaci ve va\u0161em zbytku p\u0159enech\u00e1te kamar\u00e1d\u016fm nebo profesion\u00e1ln\u00edmu servisu. Vyhnete se tak mnoha p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm a zklam\u00e1n\u00edm, nedejbo\u017ee nebezpe\u010d\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dadaj o <strong>v\u00fdkonu<\/strong> (<strong>W<\/strong>) se n\u00e1m hod\u00ed v\u0161ude &#8211; od rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00fdb\u011bru sol\u00e1r\u016f, baterie a\u017e po p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br m\u011bni\u010de a elektrick\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f. V\u00fdkon 1 W vytvo\u0159\u00ed proud jedn\u00e9 amp\u00e9ry (A) p\u0159i nap\u011bt\u00ed jednoho voltu (V).  Jeden jednoduch\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: budete cht\u00edt m\u00edt v obytku 230 V i bez p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na elekt\u0159inu (m\u011bni\u010d p\u0159ipojen\u00fd na n\u00e1stavbovou baterii), kamar\u00e1d se t\u00edm chlubil, v\u00e1m se to l\u00edbilo a man\u017eelka si chce p\u0159i st\u00e1n\u00ed v lese r\u00e1no f\u00e9novat vlasy, aby se l\u00edbila veverk\u00e1m. Zapojen\u00ed jste vid\u011bl u kamar\u00e1da, jednoduch\u00e9, dva dr\u00e1ty z baterie do m\u011bni\u010de, dva dr\u00e1ty do z\u00e1suvky 230 V a je to ! Tak\u017ee hur\u00e1 pro m\u011bni\u010d. Jen\u017ee ouha, prodava\u010d se v\u00e1s za\u010dne pt\u00e1t, jak\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d &#8211; jestli 250 W, 350 W nebo dokonce 2 000 W. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee si p\u016fjdete dom\u016f zjistit <strong>p\u0159\u00edkon<\/strong> (jak vekou energii za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje, logicky op\u011bt <strong>watty<\/strong>, <strong>W<\/strong>) f\u00e9nu, tak by jste si m\u011bli alespo\u0148 orienta\u010dn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtat, co to znamen\u00e1 na stran\u011b baterie. Mr\u0161ka mal\u00fd f\u00e9n m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkon 2 000 W, tedy p\u0159i nap\u011bt\u00ed 230 V do n\u011bj pote\u010de proud 8,7 A. Docela dost. Jen\u017ee, aby jste v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyrobili 2 000 W, pot\u0159ebujete na stran\u011b baterie (p\u0159\u00edsun elekt\u0159iny do m\u011bni\u010de) najednou 2000W \/   12 V = 166,7 A !, a to u\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee to mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout jak baterie (maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyb\u00edjec\u00ed proud, startovac\u00ed proud), tak extr\u00e9mn\u011b &#8222;tlust\u00e9&#8220; kabely od baterie k m\u011bni\u010di a ide\u00e1ln\u011b i pojistka mezi bateri\u00ed a m\u011bni\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zkr\u00e1tka jednoduch\u00fd p\u0159epo\u010det v\u00fdkonu (W) na pot\u0159ebn\u00fd proud (A) a nap\u011bt\u00ed (V) v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem orientovat v tom, co je\u0161t\u011b smysl d\u00e1v\u00e1 a co u\u017e nikoliv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kapacita<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lead-accumulator-149612_640-300x244.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lead-accumulator-149612_640-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lead-accumulator-149612_640-150x122.png 150w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lead-accumulator-149612_640.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ur\u010dit\u011b nejm\u00ed\u0148 tu\u0161\u00edte je\u0161t\u011b jeden z\u00e1drhel. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b bateri\u00ed, a sice jejich <strong>kapacita<\/strong>. N\u011bkdy se ud\u00e1v\u00e1 ve <strong>watthodin\u00e1ch<\/strong> (<strong>Wh<\/strong>), n\u011bkdy v <strong>amp\u00e9rhodin\u00e1ch<\/strong> (<strong>Ah<\/strong>). Je hezk\u00e9, \u017ee va\u0161e baterie m\u016f\u017ee jednor\u00e1zov\u011b poskytnout p\u0159i 12 V proud a\u017e 200 A a rozto\u010dit f\u00e9n, jak dlouho to ale vydr\u017e\u00ed ? Pr\u00e1v\u011b to se dozv\u00edme z \u00fadaje o kapacit\u011b baterie. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bateri\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u00fadaj uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd v amp\u00e9rhodin\u00e1ch, znamen\u00e1 kolik hodin dok\u00e1\u017ee baterie p\u0159i sv\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed (12 V) dod\u00e1vat proud jedn\u00e9 amp\u00e9ry. Tedy v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b f\u00e9nu by baterie o kapacit\u011b 90 Ah dok\u00e1zala teoreticky poh\u00e1n\u011bt f\u00e9n (p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me odb\u011br 166,7 A z p\u0159\u00edkladu v\u00fd\u0161e) p\u016fl hodiny. Jak jsme to zjistili ? Kapacita baterie (Ah) \/ odb\u011br (A) = \u010das (h). Tedy 90 \/ 166,7 = 0,5. Pokud m\u00e1me kapacitu uvedenou ve watthodin\u00e1ch (Wh), m\u016f\u017eeme ji snadno p\u0159ev\u00e9st na amp\u00e9rhodiny: kapacita (Ah) = kapacita (Wh) \/ nap\u011bt\u00ed baterie (V). Tedy pro baterii s ud\u00e1vanou kapacitou 1080 Wh by se kapacita v amp\u00e9rhodin\u00e1ch (Ah) vypo\u010detla 1080 Wh \/ 12 V = 90 Ah. P\u0159eci jenom pro p\u0159edstavu o kapacit\u011b mi amp\u00e9rhodiny p\u0159ijdou intuitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>POZOR<\/strong>, ve v\u00fd\u0161e uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech jsem se z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b dopustil jedn\u00e9 <strong>tot\u00e1ln\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed chyby<\/strong> ! Respektive hned dvou. Nebo vlastn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9. Pokud hovo\u0159\u00edme o <strong>baterii<\/strong>, tak se jedn\u00e1 o elektrochemick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd nelze znovu nab\u00edt (klasick\u00e9 AAA baterky). To, co m\u00e1me v na\u0161ich obytk\u00e1ch jsou <strong>akumul\u00e1tory<\/strong> (elektrochemick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd lze opakovan\u011b dob\u00edjet). V re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b u <strong>akumul\u00e1tor\u016f<\/strong> nekoresponduje uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 kapacita (rozum\u011bj maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teoreticky mo\u017en\u00e1) s re\u00e1lnou kapacitou. Jak to ? P\u0159i vybit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru pod ur\u010ditou hodnotu sice akumul\u00e1tor d\u00e1l dod\u00e1v\u00e1 proud, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jeho nevratn\u00e9 degeneraci (nikdy u\u017e nejde nab\u00edt na plnou kapacitu). V\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory na b\u00e1zi olova (jedno, jestli trak\u010dn\u00ed, gelov\u00e9 a jin\u00e9) maj\u00ed tento limit n\u011bkde okolo 50 % sv\u00e9 kapacity. Tento \u00fadaj naleznete v dokumentaci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 baterie. Pokud bychom si v p\u0159\u00edkladu s f\u00e9nem necht\u011bli hned prvn\u00ed den baterii zni\u010dit, tak bychom ve skute\u010dnosti mohli m\u00edt f\u00e9n pu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd ne p\u016fl hodiny, ale jen \u010dtvrt hodiny. K vd\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu akumul\u00e1tor\u016f se ur\u010dit\u011b je\u0161t\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00edm v samostatn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vatp\u00edk existuje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1298849_640-e1616660435905.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1298849_640-e1616660435905.png 640w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1298849_640-e1616660435905-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1298849_640-e1616660435905-150x75.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asi ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s u\u017e \u0159e\u0161il nebo p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel o sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panelech. Nebo alespo\u0148 sly\u0161el vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed debatu na t\u00e9ma, jestli je 150 vatp\u00edk\u016f dost anebo dost m\u00e1lo. Co je to ten vatp\u00edk ? <strong>Wattpeak<\/strong> (vyslovuj opravdu &#8222;vatp\u00edk&#8220;, <strong>Wp<\/strong>) zavedli v\u00fdrobci sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f pro ud\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu sol\u00e1rn\u00edho panelu ve wattech. Podobn\u011b jako u akumul\u00e1tor\u016f a jejich kapacity se v tom skr\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1ludnost. Jedn\u00e1 se o <strong>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed <\/strong>v\u00fdkon sol\u00e1rn\u00edho panelu <strong>na rovn\u00edku<\/strong> za podm\u00ednky <strong>dokonale jasn\u00e9 oblohy<\/strong> a <strong>poledn\u00edho slunce<\/strong>. Tedy pro spravedliv\u00e9 porovn\u00e1n\u00ed dvou sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f mezi sebou super, pro re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed &#8222;kolik ze sol\u00e1ru dostanete&#8220; mus\u00edte b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed a trochu ubrat v l\u00e9t\u011b a hooodn\u011b ubrat v zim\u011b. \u00dapln\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla pro sol\u00e1ry, kter\u00e9 nestoj\u00ed alespo\u0148 rok na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, nez\u00edsk\u00e1te, tak\u017ee moje hrub\u00e9 odhady ze zku\u0161enosti &#8211; ve \u017ehav\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b, nebe bez mr\u00e1\u010dk\u016f a poledne v \u010cR m\u016f\u017eete po\u010d\u00edtat s v\u00fdkonem sol\u00e1ru v poledne i 80%, v zim\u011b na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v poledne bez mr\u00e1\u010dk\u016f 10%. Ten v\u00fdkon sol\u00e1ru extra kol\u00eds\u00e1 (sm\u011brem dol\u016f) v z\u00e1vislosti na zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed slunce, na sklonu slunce (poledne versus odpoledne je fakt zn\u00e1t a\u017e o polovinu). Kolik v\u00e1m sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panel dok\u00e1\u017ee dob\u00edt do baterie kapacity ? P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det nen\u00ed, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce, ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, mrac\u00edch, poloze auta &#8230;. J\u00e1 s\u00e1m jsem p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru sol\u00e1rn\u00edho panelu a odhadu jeho efektu dob\u00edjen\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru postupoval n\u00e1sledovn\u011b pro l\u00e9to: maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed dobit\u00e1 kapacita akumul\u00e1toru v Ah = ((v\u00fdkon panelu * 0,8) \/ 12) * 8 (hodin), tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad 160 Wp sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panel mi v l\u00e9t\u011b za jeden den odhadem dod\u00e1 ((160 Wp * 0,8) \/ 12 V) * 8 hodin = 85 Ah. To znamen\u00e1 v zim\u011b maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 8,5 Ah. Ale ani v zim\u011b ani v l\u00e9t\u011b nejsou v\u0161echny dny bez mr\u00e1\u010dku, tak\u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ebytek v\u00fdkonu sol\u00e1rn\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jistota, \u017ee po dvou dnech pod mrakem nebudete muset sh\u00e1n\u011bt na t\u00e1bo\u0159i\u0161ti u \u0159eky p\u0159\u00edpojku 230 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">St\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd a stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1968982_640-300x164.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1968982_640-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1968982_640-150x82.png 150w, https:\/\/all4camper.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/electricity-1968982_640.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zat\u00edm jsme to srdnat\u011b ignorovali. Akumul\u00e1tor n\u00e1m dod\u00e1v\u00e1 proud stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd, stejn\u011b jako v aut\u011b m\u00e1me z altern\u00e1toru stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud. V z\u00e1suvce se n\u00e1m skr\u00fdv\u00e1 proud st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd. Pomineme-li elektromotory a po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010din\u00edku a f\u00e1zov\u00fd posun proudu a nap\u011bt\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed detaily, tak v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 pravidla plat\u00ed obecn\u011b pro st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd a stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro n\u00e1s je v\u011bd\u011bt hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edly st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho a stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud<\/strong> jsme celou dobu popisovali &#8211; prost\u011b &#8222;to&#8220; te\u010de jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem, plus je po\u0159\u00e1d plus, m\u00ednus je po\u0159\u00e1d m\u00ednus.<\/li><li><strong>St\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud<\/strong> se chov\u00e1 z\u00e1ludn\u011b &#8211;  je jako potrhl\u00e1 \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 te\u010de chv\u00edli jedn\u00edm chv\u00edli druh\u00fdm sm\u011brem, jako by n\u011bkdo po\u0159\u00e1d p\u0159ep\u00ednal mezi plus a m\u00ednus (v z\u00e1suvce 50 kr\u00e1t za vte\u0159inu). U st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu nem\u00e1me plus a m\u00ednus, za to m\u00e1me <strong>f\u00e1zi<\/strong> (na n\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a je to ten \u010derven\u00fd kabl\u00edk, co n\u00e1s kopne, kdy\u017e na n\u011bj \u0161\u00e1hneme), oproti zemi je na n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed 230 V, <strong>st\u0159edn\u00ed<\/strong> nap\u011bt\u00ed (ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako zem), na n\u011bm nen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, ale propojuje se s f\u00e1z\u00ed &#8211; na z\u00e1suvce m\u00e1me f\u00e1zi a st\u0159edn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, <strong>ochranu<\/strong> (t\u00e9\u017e &#8222;nul\u00e1k&#8220; v zelenob\u00edl\u00e9m) &#8211; to je ten kabel, co p\u0159i zkratu vyhod\u00ed v\u0161echny pojistky a\u017e na sloupek a nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt nikdy spojen s vodi\u010dem pod nap\u011bt\u00edm, st\u0159edov\u00fd kol\u00edk na z\u00e1suvce. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na z\u00e1v\u011br alibistick\u00e1 omluva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159i psan\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem si hodn\u011b zjednodu\u0161oval \u017eivot ignorov\u00e1n\u00edm spousty &#8222;detail\u016f&#8220; &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad nap\u011bt\u00ed na akumul\u00e1toru nen\u00ed 12 V, ale v z\u00e1vislosti na typu akumul\u00e1toru a stavu nabit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt od 11 V do 14 V, p\u0159i transformaci stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd v m\u011bni\u010di vznikaj\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty a tak d\u00e1l. Alibisticky prohla\u0161uji, \u017ee jsem to d\u011blal \u00famysln\u011b ve prosp\u011bch sna\u017e\u0161\u00ed pochopitelnosti. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b za opravy chyb a dopln\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed budu vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd.T\u011b\u0161\u00edm se, a\u017e se n\u011bkdy potk\u00e1me u rybn\u00edka, mo\u0159e nebo v kempu. David.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy a orientace v problematice elektrick\u00e9 energie pro karavanisty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":90754,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11194,422,8209],"tags":[226,8122],"class_list":["post-90306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-karavaning","category-novinky-kempovani-a-karavaning","category-rady-tipy-informace","tag-rady-a-tipy","tag-karavaning"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Z\u00e1klady elekt\u0159iny (nejen) pro karavanisty - All4Camper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"All4Camper - 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