{"id":75323,"date":"2019-04-07T16:00:08","date_gmt":"2019-04-07T14:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/\/?p=75323"},"modified":"2019-09-19T14:35:58","modified_gmt":"2019-09-19T12:35:58","slug":"muzea-holokaustu-v-polsku-osvetim-brezinka-majdanek-a-belzec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/cs\/muzea-holokaustu-v-polsku-osvetim-brezinka-majdanek-a-belzec\/","title":{"rendered":"Muzea holokaustu v Polsku – Osv\u011btim, B\u0159ezinka, Majdanek a Belzec"},"content":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci m\u00e9 ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Polska jsem zav\u00edtala i do t\u011bchto smutn\u00fdch m\u00edst. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lela jsem, jak tento \u010dl\u00e1nek napsat, proto\u017ee informac\u00ed k p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1m hodn\u011b, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nechci ps\u00e1t jen faktografii, kterou si nejen\u017ee m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u0161ude jinde, ale nep\u0159ed\u00e1 v\u00e1m m\u016fj osobn\u00ed vzkaz, kter\u00fd t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem chci p\u0159edat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc i pro mn\u011b je to velice smutn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st d\u011bjin Evropy. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno – toto t\u00e9ma je hodn\u011b smutn\u00e9 a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, ale zast\u00e1v\u00e1m n\u00e1zor, \u017ee je t\u0159eba o n\u011bm hovo\u0159it. Nesm\u00ed se na tato zv\u011brstva zapomenout.<\/p>\n

Proto jej nap\u00ed\u0161i trochu jinak. Vyu\u017eiji i toho, \u017ee jsem v minul\u00e9m roce nav\u0161t\u00edvila Majdanek a Belzec, stejn\u011b jako jsem v minulosti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byla v Terez\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Muzea holokaustu v Polsku – co kde uvid\u00edte a pro\u010d je nav\u0161t\u00edvit<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pokud se rozhodnete tato muzea nav\u0161t\u00edvit, pak ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017ee holokaust z jin\u00e9ho pohledu.<\/p>\n

Osv\u011btim – Auschwitz I<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pot\u00e9, co p\u0159ijedete k Auschwitz I., co\u017e je koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor s kapacitou 18 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, tud\u00ed\u017e men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nedalek\u00e1 B\u0159ezinka (Birkenau – Auschwitz II), se p\u0159ipravte na velk\u00e9 fronty. Je to d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee tento t\u00e1bor pat\u0159\u00ed do seznamu UNESCO a mnoho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f si zde „p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1“ hr\u016fzy, co se zde staly. P\u0159esto vytrvejte, nebo\u0165 zde uvid\u00edte opravdu mnoho siln\u00fdch a autentick\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed i poz\u016fstatk\u016f po v\u011bzn\u00edch …<\/p>\n

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Tak\u00e9 doporu\u010duji ponechat v aut\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ta\u0161ky, nebo\u0165 vstup je podm\u00edn\u011bn nejen kontrolou v r\u00e1mci bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch r\u00e1m\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 kontrolou velikosti ta\u0161ek, kter\u00e1 je velice p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1. Ta\u0161ku si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017eete ponechat i ve zdej\u0161\u00ed „\u0161atn\u011b“, ale ne\u010dekejte trezory atd. Je to klasick\u00e1 „\u0161atna“, kam j\u00e1 osobn\u011b bych cennosti z ta\u0161ky nedala. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tomuto opat\u0159en\u00ed rozum\u00edm, a proto o n\u011bm p\u00ed\u0161i. Tak\u017ee: v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ta\u0161ky, ne\u017e je rozm\u011br A4, ponechte v aut\u011b!<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou informac\u00ed je mo\u017enost\/nemo\u017enost se po t\u00e1bo\u0159e pohybovat bez pr\u016fvodce.<\/strong> Pokud nechcete j\u00edt se skupinou, pak sledujte str\u00e1nky. V rann\u00edch a pozdn\u011b odpoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch je p\u0159\u00edstup mo\u017en\u00fd bez n\u011bj, ale p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u010dasy se ka\u017ed\u00fdm dnem a hodinou m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Co k tomu dodat v\u00edce … v jedn\u00e9 z budov uvid\u00edte autentick\u00e9 fotografie, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s provedou „\u017eivotem“ v t\u00e1bo\u0159e. Uvid\u00edte fotografie v\u011bz\u0148\u016f p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch v transportu, jejich t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed a velice siln\u011b emo\u010dn\u00ed fotografii d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebyly vybr\u00e1ny z hlediska „vhodnosti“, jdouc\u00ed, nic netu\u0161\u00edc, do plynov\u00e9 komory … nevyfotila jsem ji pro v\u00e1s, to mus\u00edte opravdu vid\u011bt na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di …<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to budov\u011b uvid\u00edte, z m\u00e9ho pohledu, emo\u010dn\u011b nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poz\u016fstalost – lidsk\u00e9 vlasy. Jak jsem se dozv\u011bd\u011bla, co\u017e jsem opravdu nev\u011bd\u011bla – vlasy na smrt odsouzen\u00fdch v\u011bze\u0148ky\u0148 byly n\u00e1sledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro tkan\u00ed l\u00e1tek prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch se v N\u011bmecku … uvid\u00edte i prodejn\u00ed dokumenty za kolik se tato, pro N\u011bmce bezcenn\u00e1 „v\u011bc“ prod\u00e1vala … celkov\u00e1 v\u00e1ha v\u0161ech vlas\u016f v\u011bze\u0148ky\u0148 byla cca 1950 kg …<\/p>\n

V dal\u0161\u00ed budov\u011b m\u00e1te mo\u017enost shl\u00e9dnout opravdu velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch „poz\u016fstalost\u00ed“, jako jsou kufry, boty jak d\u011btsk\u00e9 (p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9), tak dosp\u011bl\u00e9, h\u0159ebeny, kart\u00e1\u010de a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci spojen\u00e9 s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u017eivotem, kter\u00e9 si v\u011bzni brali s sebou v domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee jdou pracovat, nikoliv na smrt …<\/p>\n

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D\u011btsk\u00e9 boti\u010dky …<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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…<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 budete sezn\u00e1meni s t\u00edm, jak se v Osv\u011btimi „\u017eilo“ na jej\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tku a konci.<\/strong> P\u016fvodn\u011b v\u011bzni spali na zemi na sl\u00e1m\u011b, n\u00e1sledn\u011b jim byly poskytnuty matrace a \u00fapln\u011b nakonec spali na t\u0159\u00ed patrov\u00fdch paland\u00e1ch …<\/p>\n

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V t\u00e9to budov\u011b uvid\u00edte i mnoho fotografi\u00ed v\u011bz\u0148\u016f s \u00fadaji kdy byly do Osv\u011btimi p\u0159ivezeni a kdy usmrceni …<\/p>\n

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Pochopiteln\u011b na konci prohl\u00eddky dojdete i ke krematoriu. P\u0159esto, \u017ee je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee Osv\u011btim nebyla pln\u011b likvida\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1borem, tuto funkci zast\u00e1vala nedalek\u00e1 B\u0159ezinka, bylo zde usmrceno v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. Na druhou stranu je nutno dodat, \u017ee krematoria v B\u0159ezince se nedochovala, byla N\u011bmci na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli zlikvidov\u00e1na, toto krematorium z\u016fstalo.<\/p>\n

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P\u016fvodn\u011b jsem jej necht\u011bla fotit, ale pak jsem si \u0159ekla, \u017ee pro ucelenost tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku, kde v\u00e1m chci p\u0159edat informace „na co se m\u00e1te p\u0159ipravit“, jsem ji po\u0159\u00eddila.<\/p>\n

Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informace<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bylo sem deportov\u00e1no mezi roky 1940 – 1945: 1,3 milionu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, z toho 1,1 milionu \u017eid\u016f, 140-150 tis. ob\u010dan\u016f Polska, 23 tis. Rom\u016f, 15 tis. Sov\u011btsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f, 25 tis. v\u011bz\u0148\u016f jin\u00fdch etnick\u00fdch skupin. Z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f jich zde zem\u0159elo 1,1 milionu.<\/p>\n

Z Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a Morava sem bylo deportov\u00e1no 46 tis\u00edc ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9 budov\u011b, kterou uvid\u00edte, \u017eilo v\u017edy n\u011bco mezi 700 – 1 000 v\u011bzni dohromady.<\/p>\n

B\u0159ezinka – Auschwitz II.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po prohl\u00eddce Osv\u011btimi m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt bezplatn\u00fd autobus, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s zaveze do tohoto likvida\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora. Jeho velikost \u010dinila 90 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Jak jist\u011b v\u00edte a zmi\u0148ovala jsem se ji\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e, krematoria se nedochovala. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b dodnes jsou zde vid\u011bt jejich poz\u016fstatky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tu byl vystav\u011bn pomn\u00edk s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm vzkazem v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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Cel\u00fd tento t\u00e1bor je kompletn\u011b pr\u016fchoz\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete si jej tak detailn\u011b proj\u00edt a vn\u00edmat jeho smutnou velikost.<\/p>\n

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B\u00fdval\u00e9 krematorium<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A kde nocovat \u010di parkovat?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Naproti Osv\u011btimi najdete 24 hod. p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 parkovi\u0161t\u011b, nebo m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt pobyt dle n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 fotografie.<\/p>\n

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Majdanek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento koncentra\u010dn\u00ed a likvida\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor najdete v Lublinsk\u00e9m vojvodstv\u00ed. Sice nen\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od Osv\u011btimi, zaps\u00e1n do seznamu UNESCO, ale jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena \u017ee jeho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu, pokud se rozhodnete tato muzea nav\u0161t\u011bvovat, nesm\u00edte vynechat.<\/p>\n

Oproti Osv\u011btimi zde nejsou velk\u00e9 fronty a cel\u00fd t\u00e1bor je voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd. Celkov\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra prohl\u00eddky je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 velice smutn\u00e1, av\u0161ak nebudete si jej prohl\u00ed\u017eet mezi tak velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, jako v Auschwitz I.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Tak\u00e9 zde nen\u00ed vystaveno tolik poz\u016fstalost\u00ed, ale budete moci vstoupit a v\u00edce poznat krematorium, sprchy, plynov\u00e9 komory \u010di d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 domky pro v\u011bzn\u011b …<\/p>\n

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Do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt na st\u011bn\u00e1ch mod\u0159, kter\u00e1 je pr\u00fd poz\u016fstatkem po Cyklonu B …<\/p>\n

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Hodn\u011b „ouzko“ mi bylo v moment\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy krematoria. Tam nejen\u017ee uvid\u00edte pitevnu, kdy N\u011bmci t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed sp\u00e1len\u00edm t\u011bl z nich vyndavali zlato a dal\u0161\u00ed pro n\u011b „cenn\u00e9“ v\u011bci, ale u pec\u00ed uvid\u00edte odpo\u010dinkovou a hygienickou m\u00edstnost pro zdej\u0161\u00ed obsluhuj\u00edc\u00ed person\u00e1l …<\/p>\n

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Jen kousek od krematoria m\u016f\u017eete nav\u0161t\u00edvit pomn\u00edk. … A te\u010f jen pro siln\u00e9 povahy – jinak to pros\u00edm ne\u010dt\u011bte!!<\/strong><\/p>\n

V pomn\u00edku, pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1te bl\u00ed\u017ee, nen\u00ed hl\u00edna, ale popel ze sp\u00e1len\u00fdch t\u011bl v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kter\u00fd byl posb\u00edr\u00e1n v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed. jak jsem se dozv\u011bd\u011bla, v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b jsou nedaleko t\u00e1bora vystav\u011bny zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kolonie a lid\u00e9 na zdej\u0161\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b (je v\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, \u010deho je pln\u00e1 :-( ) p\u011bstuj\u00ed zeleninu …<\/p>\n

J\u00e1 v\u00edm, \u017ee za to nemohou a prost\u011b u\u017e se \u010das posunul, ale stejn\u011b jsem si tuto pozn\u00e1mku neodpustila. Snad mi i Polsko promine, av\u0161ak pro m\u011b to byl velice siln\u011b emo\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek a pro v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod pro\u010d sem jet. Ne kv\u016fli kolonii, ale vzd\u00e1t pam\u00e1tku t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed zde zahynuli.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Je\u0161t\u011b jednu v\u011bc mus\u00edm zm\u00ednit. A to, \u017ee jen kousek od pam\u00e1tn\u00edku uvid\u00edte z\u00e1kopy nesouc\u00ed v sob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b jednu tragickou vzpom\u00ednku. 3. 11. 1943 se zde konal „pogrom“ kdy b\u011bhem jedin\u00e9ho dne tu bylo vyvra\u017ed\u011bno v r\u00e1mci t\u0159\u00ed exekuc\u00ed cca 18 tis\u00edc \u017did\u016f. Byla to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed exekuce v historii koncentra\u010dn\u00edch a likvida\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f … I zde si pros\u00edm na tuto ud\u00e1lost ti\u0161e vzpome\u0148te …<\/strong><\/p>\n

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A je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik informac\u00ed na z\u00e1v\u011br.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak jsem psala, po cel\u00e9m t\u00e1bo\u0159e se m\u016f\u017eete pohybovat voln\u011b. Tak\u00e9 mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi m\u00edsty m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ej\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt autem \u010di karavanem. Jak cesta, tak parkovi\u0161t\u011b je prostorn\u00e9. Pokud si jej chcete proj\u00edt p\u011b\u0161ky, m\u016f\u017eete nechat auto na hlavn\u00edm parkovi\u0161ti. J\u00e1 v\u0161ak doporu\u010duji p\u0159ejet autem a\u017e k hlavn\u00edmu vstupu do t\u00e1bora nebo jej postavit jen p\u00e1r metr\u016f od pomn\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Nocovat se zde samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nesm\u00ed a budu-li up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1, d\u00edky siln\u00fdm emoc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsem zde pro\u017e\u00edvala, jsem nezji\u0161\u0165ovala dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale proto\u017ee to je na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Lublinu, nebudete m\u00edt probl\u00e9m naj\u00edt m\u00edsto na nocov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed historick\u00e9 informace o t\u00e1bo\u0159e se dozv\u00edte nap\u0159\u00edklad ZDE<\/a><\/p>\n

Belzec<\/strong><\/p>\n

Co napsat k tomuto mal\u00e9mu, av\u0161ak p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9mu m\u00edstu. Belzec najdete tak\u00e9 v Lublinsk\u00e9m vojvodstv\u00ed a jednalo se o \u010dist\u011b likvida\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor. P\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bzni nem\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee zde nen\u00ed jin\u00e1 cesta z vlaku, ne\u017e do plynov\u00e9 komory a … v\u00edce se do\u010dtete ZDE<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Jak n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00edte, Belzec byl zni\u010den a ne\u010dekejte tak prohl\u00eddku plynov\u00fdch komor a administrativn\u00edch budov (ne, opravdu zde nic jin\u00e9ho nebylo!).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zato tu na v\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 muzeum detailn\u011b ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed a vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed historii tohoto t\u00e1bora. Za mn\u011b, pokud pojedete na Majdanek, zaje\u010fte i sem. Opravdu je t\u0159eba to vid\u011bt. D\u00edky tomu pochop\u00edte je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce „co se d\u011blo a jak stra\u0161n\u00e9 to bylo“. V\u00edce asi net\u0159eba ps\u00e1t a jen p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1m fotografie …<\/p>\n

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Co v\u00edce na z\u00e1v\u011br napsat … Snad jen to, \u017ee douf\u00e1m, \u017ee si mi povedlo tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek napsat s velkou \u00factou a vzpom\u00ednkou t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed zde zahynuli, stejn\u011b jako s d\u016fstojnost\u00ed a citlivost\u00ed, kterou jsem se sna\u017eila s ka\u017ed\u00fdm napsan\u00fdm slovem zde zanechat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nezapom\u00ednejme a i kdy\u017e si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je to drastick\u00e9 a nen\u00ed t\u0159eba to fotit a d\u00e1vat na v\u011bdom\u00ed, v\u011b\u0159te, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 mysl r\u00e1da zapom\u00edn\u00e1. A na tohle by se ZAPOMENOUT NEM\u011aLO. \u010cest a pam\u00e1tku v\u0161em v\u011bz\u0148\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Kl\u00e1ra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci m\u00e9 ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Polska jsem zav\u00edtala i do t\u011bchto smutn\u00fdch m\u00edst. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lela jsem, jak tento \u010dl\u00e1nek napsat, proto\u017ee informac\u00ed k p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1m hodn\u011b, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nechci ps\u00e1t jen faktografii, kterou si nejen\u017ee m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u0161ude jinde, ale nep\u0159ed\u00e1 v\u00e1m m\u016fj osobn\u00ed vzkaz, kter\u00fd t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem chci p\u0159edat. Nav\u00edc i pro mn\u011b je to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":75327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2375],"tags":[94,325],"class_list":{"0":"post-75323","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kempovani-a-cestovani-v-polsku","8":"tag-polsko","9":"tag-poznavaci-dovolena"},"yoast_head":"\nMuzea holokaustu v Polsku \u2013 Osv\u011btim, B\u0159ezinka, Majdanek a Belzec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"All4Camper - Muzea holokaustu v Polsku - Osv\u011btim, B\u0159ezinka, Majdanek a Belzec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/all4camper.com\/cs\/muzea-holokaustu-v-polsku-osvetim-brezinka-majdanek-a-belzec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Muzea holokaustu v Polsku \u2013 Osv\u011btim, B\u0159ezinka, Majdanek a Belzec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"All4Camper - 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